Risks and Loyalties

As Markham was summoned into the conference room to begin his presentation to the board of the state pension fund, he was wrestling with whether or not to raise the liability issue. He knew there were risks either way. There was the risk that his client would choose to take their business elsewhere if he told them what he believed to be the fund’s financial reality. Furthermore, such a move would not only result in lost business, but would likely be interpreted as disloyalty towards his firm. But then he thought about what didn’t happen during the 2008 financial crisis, and this reality gnawed at him: When the subprime crisis played out everybody was asking why, even though there were all these people that had a role in making it happen, no one spoke up? And so does somebody who is playing a bit part in creating a reprise of the last crisis have a responsibility to speak up on behalf of the pensioners themselves even though this is contrary to the wishes of their employer and the board of trustees who has hired their employer to provide investment advice? We all commonly find ourselves in a position where we have to tell someone something they don’t want to hear. We face this kind of communication dilemmas all the time; at home, with friends and at workplace. The range can fall between just telling a friend about his look to the case with Harry Makham, who was facing the problem of telling the board of directors about the wrong liability numbers. There are usually 2 ways of responding to this kind of dilemmas, either â€Å"saying it just right† and falling into the category of confident communicator, or failing to inform and falling into the category of unethical cheater. There are at least 5 different approaches for overcoming ethical issues concerning communication dilemma: * The Utilitarian Approach – action that provides the most good or the least harm for all who are affected-customers, employees, shareholders, the community and the environment. * The Rights Approach- action that best protects and respects the moral rights of those affected * The Justice Approach- ethical actions that treat all human beings equally, or if unequally, then fairy based on some standard that is defensible. but there is a debate over CEO salaries that are hundreds of times larger than the pay of others) * The Common Good Approach- actions that lead to the welfare of everyone in community. * The Virtue Approach – actions that are consistent with certain ideal virtues and are consistent with your own values. Regarding the issue of telling clients things they don’t want to hear the Utilitarian Approach may be more useful, and certain factors should b e taken into consideration: * harm to the clients * harm to the firm * harm to the public * harm to environment * harm to yourself (your ethical views)

Cause-Effect

A couple of weeks ago, my grandmother passed away. I was at my lowest point in my life. I was extremely sad and depressed. However, I knew I could always rely on Salsa. I would call her In the middle of the night and she was there to pick up my phone calls. When I needed someone to express my emotions to, she was there. She always encouraged me to look on the bright side of things. She always ensured me that better days were going to come because death is a part of life that we simply have to deal with. She helped me cope and deal with the loss of my grandmother.We loud do activities such as working out and cooking together to keep my mind off the death of my grandmother. Salsa comforted me by having a shoulder to cry on when I didn't have anyone else. She was the only person that could understand my feelings and what I was going through. Salsa also supported me emotionally. There were times when I had difficulties in school and I felt like giving up. However, she encouraged me keep pushing harder to accomplish my goals. She helped me understand that there are going to be struggles that we face In this world but we cannot give up and run from our problems.She supported me by Glenn me great advice and pushing me to do my best with my academics. Her words of encouragement boosted my self-esteem to accomplish my goals. I am extremely grateful to have someone like Salsa in my life. She has always been there for me when others did not understand. She is honestly one of the sweetest people I have met in my life. Salsa helps me stay grounded and humble. She supports me emotionally by always being there for me in times of difficulty, making me laugh when I am sad and encouraging me to try my best with everything.Her physically and emotional support has helped me get through the most hardest times In life. I know I can always count on her to cheer me up. By Handmaiden Cheddar Suffix Abdul Caked Two years ago, I met a beautiful young girl name Salsa. I met her at a famil y Salsa. I would call her in the middle of the night and she was there to pick up my that we face in this world but we cannot give up and run from our problems. She supported me by giving me great advice and pushing me to do my best with my times in life. I know I can always count on her to cheer me up.

The Purpose of Education

The purpose of education is to spread knowledge to the younger generation. Without education, tradition is lost, as well as the potential of youth. For centuries, the old have taught the young. They have passed the torch of knowledge from one hand to another. Whether it was a master teaching an apprentice, or a teacher teaching a class, the tradition of teaching has been in practice since the beginning of man. Without a mentor for a child to learn from, the child will never find the truth behind the mysteries of life. The child needs to be trained to succeed and even better, reach self-fulfillment. That is why the teacher must be of the highest quality. The student will take after the teacher, not only in knowledge, but also in style and example. If the teacher has a flaw, the child will accept that flaw as his or her own. There is a special bond between the teacher and the student. The teacher must be prepared to take on the student as more than a student, but as a friend. Those, whose intelligence surpasses other's, should be given a challenge in every circumstance available. Harder work should be provided, but not demanded. Although, those with the skills to complete such work, should not let their minds go to waste. They should harness their brain's power to be as successful as possible. A person with college education and gained analyzing skills and deep knowledge field of studies, not only the person will be qualified and prepared for the job advertised from that company; but will also have potential to excel faster and have high salaries. College education is a very important central in everyday life. It plants the fundamentals for confronting problems and obstacles found in part of life, and being able to solve them with ease and accuracy. It gives a wide opportunity and potential in apply for higher profile jobs with good pay. It gives a person confidence in understanding life and the environment. A person with a college education will be successful in life because he understands it and knows it. An ideal system of education requires distinct characteristics. Our education system today is not quite perfect. All education institutions share a common goal. The goal is for all the students to gain knowledge that they didn't have before in order to compete in the real world. The majority of people believe that getting knowledge is â€Å"obtaining education. † There is more to the concept that â€Å"students are depositories† and the â€Å"teachers are the depositor. Paule Friere ) The success of the students is directly connected to the environment he is surrounded. A perfect education system has to start with a comfortable environment. The teacher also has to be knowledgeable and not believe in the myth that â€Å"teachers justifies their own existence through their students ignorance absolute. â€Å"(Paule Friere) A perfect institution of education should be able to accommodate cultural change, diversity, have a strict curriculum with alternative teaching strategies, and promotes interaction among their peers. In a perfect educational system, interaction among students will greatly be encouraged. And there are many elements that need drastic change so that this educational system may be more refined and more productive. Teachers are a very important element in successfully transferring knowledge from the teacher to the pupil. In this institution, teachers are not allowed to believe that they are superior to the students. When this occurs, and the inequality sets in, the student will be hesitant to ask questions about subjects they don't understand. When a student does this, he is unintentionally hurting himself. He will not have gain and understand the true meaning of what is being taught by the teacher because he is more focused on the educational gap between the student and teacher. The student needs to able to question everything that is being taught. By using the Socratic method, students will understand topics rather than believing what other people are saying. There needs to be a respectful relationship between the student and teacher. The student respects the teacher and the teacher respects the student equally. This relationship between student and teacher is very important journey of obtaining knowledge. There should be no other kinds of relationship. The only acceptable form is through the connection that they both share as being teacher and being student. Next, the teacher need to responsible for the materials they are covering. They need to be fluent or else the student will have doubts about the material and ultimately the teacher. The more secure the teacher is with his material the more the student will trust the material and the teacher. If a teacher is not confident and prepared, there will be doubts that will be raised in the minds of the student. More importantly, the teacher will need to care about the student and guide them towards their goal. All teachers need to know when to step aside so that the student can make progress and help the student up when he fails. The most beneficial qualities of an excellent teacher are the ability to care for the student and the encouragement teachers provide for the students. Teachers are just an extension of parents; caring and encouragement are two characteristics of parents. The next important element in a perfect educational institution, is the curriculum. There needs to be a flexible curriculum that accommodates all the different intellectual abilities of all the students. Not all the students will have the same learning capabilities. Some students may have a learning disability and others may be genuinely intelligent. The curriculum is strict but still is flexible enough to accommodate each individual student. The actual courses need to be comprehensive. The subjects being studied needs to be updated constantly by the teachers. A perfect institution will have all area of studies accessible to the students. Any particular major or subject will be left to the students to decide. When they do decide what they want to study, there will be the necessary courses to cover that major. In order for a student to pass a course, he needs to be able to teach the information he learned in that course. This teaching method is very important. If a student is able to teach something then that student truly understands it. This method of testing the knowledge of the student should be the final examination for every course. This method is more valid than the constant â€Å"question and answer† method being used today, which promotes temporarily memorization. The next ingredient in a perfect institution is the actual environment itself. Their surrounding influences many people. An intellectual community needs to look like an intellectual community. It will be located in an area, which is safe. The students need to feel comfortable. A comfortable learning environment leads to the success of the students. There should be no distractions that will keep the student from learning. With all of these characteristics, the student's should be able to concentrate on obtaining their education. Though the task of creating and maintaining a perfect institution is a difficult task, it can be created. People need to come together with this structure and guideline in mind. The educated ones need to continue to educate others. This realization is extremely important to future students. Educated people need to think of the future and society as a whole. They need to help educate others, just as others, educated them. If all of these characteristics are met in an institution, then that institution can be labeled, â€Å"perfect

Capital Financing for the state of Arizona Research Paper

Capital Financing for the state of Arizona - Research Paper Example Funding for project financing was an important consideration in the recently issued Budget for the State of Arizona. While deciding on the type of project financing funding availability, important factor that must be considered is that project financing funding depends on the cash flow needs. Hence, the amount of cash required in the project undertaken will guide in deciding about the type of project financing available. The State of Arizona imposes a limit on the amount of debt service. The amount limit is $800 million for HURF debt. The requirements of revenue coverage ratio imposes limit on other types of debt offered in Arizona (Rowell, Buonincontri, & Semmens, 199, p.13). The State of Arizona is open to use of alternative sources of financing for capital projects. One such example is the State of Arizona requiring an alternative financing for lease purchase of the State properties. The State will be achieving such financing requirement though issue of certificate of participation. It will be done in publicly operating debt market. Other innovative techniques used are: Autonomous state authorities in Arizona work independently and make their own decisions. There are some autonomous State Authorities, not included in the budget that has major public capital spending. Arizona Health Care Cost Containment System (AHCCCS) is one such autonomous state authority which does major capital spending in the State of Arizona. Arizona Toll Ways is also another such State Authority which runs independently. Almost all the public capital spending is included in the State Capital Budget with the exception of Arizona Department of Transportation, which has major public capital spending in the State of Arizona but it is not included in the Capital Budget of the

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Is a justified war ethical - Essay Example historians and theologians depict them as holy wars fought to oust Muslim domination and regain control of Christian Holy Lands, while others portray the wars as a series of ruthless and intentional attacks by religious extremists (Guibert). The stance of the Church is that the Crusades were ethically justified. They heavily base their arguments on the ‘Just War Theory’ that was proclaimed by two of the Church’s most celebrated theologians – St. Augustine and St. Thomas Aquinas. The former was a renowned Catholic Bishop and theologian who lived in the 5th Century, author of many books of which ‘City of God’ and ‘Confessions’ are the most famous. He is looked upon as the creator of the Just War Theory. His effect on Christian theology is so immense that his influence persisted from the time of the middle ages up to the current period (Crusade-Encyclopedia). St. Thomas Aquinas was a renowned Catholic priest, philosopher and theologian who lived in the 13th Century. He totally agreed with his 5th Century counterpart’s Just War Theory principles, adding that religious and philosophical truths do not oppose each other, but in fact each one complements the other, as they are nothing but two different sides of the same truth. St. Aquinas went on to add that perception power and thought were required to comprehend the many facets and workings of the Universe (Bbc.co.uk). St. Augustine’s Just War Theory states that in case of defending oneself solely and personally in matters related to life or material possessions, one does not have the right to take the life of another human being. This train of thought follows the abstract idea of Christian charity which proclaims that if struck on the cheek, one should not retaliate likewise but instead exercise restraint and meekly ‘turn the other cheek’ to receive additional punishment. However, when it involved the good and safety of others the above principle ceases to hold relevance and one faces the moral

The Amish Way of Life and Culture Research Paper

The Amish Way of Life and Culture - Research Paper Example The first is the pity on a person who would not take advantage of technological advancements to ease the burden of his life and will lack the distinctiveness of individuality and modernization to decide his own way towards progress. The other view is the honesty, integrity and qualities of the saint hood in the Amish culture and traditions that portray them as the only true Christians remained on earth. The stagnant nature of Amish society has turned it into a tourist attraction but by no means neither are an archaeological discovery nor are the relics of a forgotten world. The only thing is that they have evolved their own perspective about the modernization of the other large cultures and have learned their own way to life in homogeneity with the larger society. They exhibit a deviating strategy of modernization than others (Kraybill, 2001). So called civilized ways have as always been in disagreement with Amish ways of life and culture as decades ago. The argument that Amish impos e greater fatigue and stress on themselves and their generations by denying use of modern technology to ease life or that they really want a more simple life needs validation. Survival, increase in life expectancy and transformation of tribes into rural and urban societies has been taught by the developments in the civilizations. However, Amish ways have taught us the cost of human life, when children leave their parents to old homage, people estrange from neighbors and spiritual and traditional life is cast away in paced forward life style (Hostetler, 1993). The purpose of this report is to communicate the Amish way of life and culture to equip reader with the comprehensive knowledge and place him in a position where he can develop an understanding of diversity in human cultures. The reports focuses on the formulation of Amish believes, development of communal life, ability to avoid rapid modernization, and consequences of a slow changing society. The Amish History Hostetler (1993) is of the view that most of the followers of the European history are well aware of religious movement Protestant Reformations in 16th century led by Martin Luther with aim to counter the imprudent and lavish expenses of the church. However, in the same time another significant movement was in place to reform the church based on religious teachings of Christianity in around 1525 originated at Zurich led by Ulrich Zwingli. This group was formally named as Brethren, also known as Anabaptists meaning rebaptizers. The major principle of this group was to baptized volunteer adults rather than children and distance from the worldly desires. The aim of Brethren was to form a church free from any state and political influences. Soon after its formation, the movement grew rapidly and its members were persecuted both by Roman church and by the faction of Martin Luther, who felt threatened by their ideology and radicalism. The consequences of these persecutions were prayers at night and meeti ngs at secret places. This is often viewed as a strong reason of their withdrawal from society. In the beginning there were indeed no influential leaders, thus the movement remained divided among different factions each with their own agenda and path to achieve it. One of the most renowned Anabaptist leaders was Menno Simons, who joined the movement in 1536. He made many efforts to unite all the factions of the Anabaptist movement under one umbrella. His followers are now known as Mennonites (Hostetler,

Mcdonalds vs Burger King Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Mcdonalds vs Burger King - Research Paper Example Over the years the two companies have had advertising wars over product superiority such as the French fries wars. The purpose of this paper is to compare and contrast the business models, advertising strategies, and financials of McDonald’s and Burger King. McDonald’s Company Profile McDonald’s was founded in 1955 by Ray Kroc. The hamburger chain restaurant has brought innovation into the industry since its inception. In 1975 they became the first company to ever offer a drive-thru window. Today the firm enjoys market leadership in the industry. The company achieved global sales in 2010 of $24,075 billion. The firm is a public company whose common stocks are traded in the NYSE under the symbol MCD. The company has over 32,737 restaurants across 118 countries worldwide serving nearly 64 million customers each day (Aboutmcdonalds, 2011). About 80% of the firm’s restaurants are independently owned franchises. The chief executive officer of the company is Jim Skinner. The organization has 1.7 million employees worldwide. Burger King Company Profile Burger King was founded in 1954 by James McLamore and David Edgerton. The company first TV advertisement aired in 1958 and by 1961 the firm began selling franchises. Burger King has 12,078 franchises worldwide. The firm has established operations in 73 countries. In 2010 Burger King achieved total revenues of $1,839 million. The firm is traded in the NYSE under the symbol BKC. The firm franchises nearly 90% of its stores. Burger King is the second largest fast food company in the world serving over 11 million customers worldwide (Bk, 2011). Business Model Comparison Burger King and McDonald’s both have similar business models. They are both burger chain franchises that have domestic and international operations. McDonalds has a larger operation than Burger King with over 20,000 more stores. McDonalds is a bigger international player with 17,276 foreign stores located across 118 countri es (Worldfranchising, 2011). McDonalds has a better brand value than Burger King. The firm has capitalized on that brand value by charging a 12% royalty fee which is 8% higher than the 4% royalty Burger King charges to its franchises. Both companies sell products of equal nutritional content. Burger offers in its combo better value due the fact that their hamburgers are bigger and of better quality meat. US customers prefer McDonald’s French fries over Burger King French fries. McDonald’s has a better $1 menu than Burger King. The organic growth model used by McDonald’s has been more effective at achieving a higher market share than Burger King’s growth strategy. Both companies were founded at around the same timeline. A difference between the franchises in terms of store capacity is that Burger King requires a building of a minimum size of 3,600 square feet, while McDonald’s stores can be located in buildings as small as 2,000 square feet. Marketi ng Comparison McDonald’s and Burger King both spend millions of dollars each year in marketing budget. A great portion of the marketing budget of these companies is financed by a special advertising fee the company charges to its franchises. Burger King and McDonald’s both charge their franchisees an advertising fee of 4% of the store’s revenue (Worldfranchising, 2011). McDonald’s has been more effective over the years at targeting children in comparison with Burger King. â€Å"

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Business Ethics Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

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Organizational Security Plan Essay Example for Free

Organizational Security Plan Essay For every organization and business, physical security is a necessary aspect of protecting its facility, properties and employees against unwanted criminal activities. To choose the best organizational security plan possible, the organization must first conduct a thorough risk and threat assessment to assist in developing physical security plan. Basic physical controls focus on three levels of protection, which is the outside perimeter, the inside perimeter and the interior of a building. Each of these security levels must include at least two to three forms of security measures to make physical controls effective. An organization that is pursuing physical security should follow the recommended security best practices and implement the necessary steps to ensure the most effective physical security possible. At its core, physical security helps achieve protection of the personnel and assets by keeping the theft and other malicious criminal activities. Outer, Inner and interior Perimeter Security To better understand how to effectively implement security measures on the three basic levels of protection, there must be a clear distinction between the outer, inner and interior perimeter security. The outer perimeter of a property is usually defined by the property lines. The facility’s outer perimeter is fenced with a distinctive access point of entry, such as gate. The main purpose of establishing the outer perimeter security is to control all the traffic entering and leaving the property, meaning only authorized personnel and visitors should be granted the access pass the entrance gate. For an organization to decide which type of outer perimeter security is the most suitable one for its purposes, it needs to weigh the pros, cons and the cost of an intruder entering the property versus the physical security available. External Building Security External Security is the next line of defense, right after the perimeter security. External Security must take into consideration various factors that can potentially influence the security measures’ settings, such as weather and natural events. The organization must evaluate the value of what needs to be secured and protected in order to better apply appropriate external security measures. Such assessment of valuables should be objective; there is a difference between external security of high tech laboratories and the one of a small business owner. Each facility has very specific security needs, financial resources and abilities to implement appropriate measures of protection. Many large scale organizations and business use fencing and a gate as a primary source of external building security. Fencing is a clear sign of the property’s perimeter and it means the property is private and any unauthorized trespassing will be reported to local law enforcement authorities. Some private residence owners even use dogs as an external building security. There are various ways to find the most suitable tools, and it should be done so after a thorough consideration of the risk and threat assessment. Lighting is another great security tool to scare intruders or at least make their work more difficult and exposed to the surrounding. Nowadays, there are many sophisticating lighting systems that can be configured to fit exactly the building’s needs. Some lights can be turned on at all times during dark hours. Such approach is however more used for internal lighting and implemented by various companies and their office branches such as UPS, Pet Supermarkets or other retailers. Exterior lighting is extremely important for large outside perimeter, where the facility is fenced, has a main entrance point and even is guarded by a security officer. That security officer cannot have good visual perspective at night, however with the fence being lightened and the building exterior having lighting set up throughout, it allows the security officer to better view suspicious activities and therefore reacts quicker if an intruder trespass the facility. â€Å"PIR motion detector sensor so that it will switch the light on when movement is detected. Some lighting has a handy override feature to allow the light to stay permanently on and is useful if there is a need for light outside the property for a length of time. † (Secure Home, 2012) Modern lighting systems are also sustainable to severe weather such as snow storm, heavy rain storms and other extreme weather conditions. Security Alarms and CCTV Security alarms are very popular and useful security tools that are commonly found in both private residences and organizational facilities. Although they are mostly used for internal security, those that wish to secure their premises with the state of the art technologies, outside security alarms can provide just that. They work very similarly to interior security alarms; they get triggered once the intruder gains an entry without proper authorization. They can be either silent or loud and notify the property owner, management or local authorities directly. Closed Circuit TV cameras are also used for both external and interior security and it depends on the organization’s needs to select in what way to use them. The bright side is that CCTV used to be quite expensive in the past and became rather affordable in the past years. Inner Perimeter Security Inner perimeter security takes care of all the entrance points to a building, including windows, doors and other points of entrance. They all should be secured with some type of lock, whether it is a regular bolt lock or more sophisticated keypad lock. Some entrance points may be guarded by security officers who check employees’ and visitors’ ID’s to ensure only authorized individuals get inside the building. At some instances, biometric scanning devices are used to scan finger prints, eyes or other body parts to protect against intrusion with stolen ID. What type of security measure an organization chooses solely depends on the organizational security plan. Inner perimeter security system should be assessed and updated periodically to ensure the highest efficiency possible. Internal Building Security Internal building security can be perhaps the most challenging when it comes to the overall facility’s security. Especially with large scale buildings with multiple floors, numerous rooms and a large number of employees and staff, an intruder can easily blend in. The purpose of internal security is detecting any type of activity that is out of ordinary and may signalize a possible intrusion or security breach. The organization must also closely follow and adhere to privacy laws to avoid any potential law suits or legal issues. Interior security covers everything that is inside a building or property. There are several ways that an organization can provide security to the building. There are high tech quality cameras such as the Closed Circuit TV cameras that monitor the entire inside, record, and store these movements for certain period of time for a later review. These cameras can work simultaneously with motion detectors to add an extra benefit. Video surveillance is proven to be a highly efficient security measure, especially when the physical security is not able to monitor the entire interior at all times. Not only would it be costly, but quite impractical. With a well configured surveillance system, every floor, every section or even every room within the building can be set up with a Closed Circuit TV camera. Then, there must be designated security personnel to monitor such footage from either a remote location or a specific room within the building to respond if any suspicious activity is detected. They can monitor and view every part of the building without being physically present. If a suspicious activity is noticed, which is of course very likely during the course of time, a trained professional such as the active security officer on duty, must quickly evaluate the occurring situation and decide on action. This approach is often used by many large organizations such as hospital facilities, large retailers or casinos. One of the most important and often difficult parts of the surveillance is to go through the footage and filter out what movement is irrelevant and what may be a signal of security breach. Access Control The major objective of access control is to whom grant authorization to enter certain restricted areas that are not open to the entire personnel. Access control is the foundation of interior security, whether it is access to the internal offices, storage rooms and other areas, IT rooms, and other secure areas in the building. Governmental agencies and institutions conduct thorough background investigations for various job positions to hire only those individuals who able to receive a security clearance, such as industrial clearance or top security clearance, that automatically allow these individuals to work in certain buildings and areas, but not necessarily view all confidential documents, unless specifically permitted. Private organizations can choose their own way how to grant access. One of the possibilities is to issue special ID badges that must be scanned prior to entering certain areas within the building. Another way is to install keypad locks or issue special keys to the authorized personnel. It is up to the security manager and the project manager to decide, which way is most suitable for their organization. These access control measures do not eliminate the presence of a security officer, but rather add an extra layer to the overall security. Every organization must keep in mind that an intrusion does not always happen from the outside, but also from the inside; by the employees and staff, who try to obtain materials they would not be able to get otherwise. Estimated Budget Every organization has very specific needs that are based on various factors. To properly assess those needs and what security measures to implement, there must be specific facts considered. Besides what was already discussed in this paper, such as the size of the building, the capacity, the surroundings and location and the valuables of the inside, there is one factor that ultimately determines what security measures an organization can apply towards its organizational security plan and that are the estimated budget and costs of these security tools. In the present time, there are numerous options, various brands and large number of providing contractors that are competing to get the organization’s business. After a thorough research, an organization can decide what are the pros and cons of these security measures and if they ultimately provide the needed benefit the facility needs. Annually, there are hundreds of millions of dollars spent in the US alone on security measures by private organizations, such as alarm systems, deadbolt locks, keypad locks, surveillance systems and other tools. When it comes to the Federal government, the numbers are even higher. â€Å"Funding for homeland security has risen from $16 billion in FY2001 to $71. 6 billion requested for FY2012. Adjusted for inflation, the United States has spent $635. 9 billion on homeland security since FY2001. Of this $163. 8 billion has been funded within the Pentagon’s annual budget. The remaining $472. 1 billion has been funded through other federal agencies. †

Pathophysiology Of Dvt Formation Health And Social Care Essay

Pathophysiology Of Dvt Formation Health And Social Care Essay DVT is the result of a number of factors that include stasis of blood, endothelial injury and hypercoagulability of blood. PE is a major complication of DVT and occurs when a thrombus or blood clot detaches itself and is carried by the blood stream to the lungs. [J32] Proximal DVT carries a higher risk of PE than distal DVT. [J30, Havig] We focused on proximal DVT because it is much more reliably detected by ultrasonography and is considered to be clinically more important. [J53: 11,12, à §Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¡Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ Ã‚ ½K list,à §Ã…“Å ¸Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ¿Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒ §Ã¢â‚¬ Ã‚ ¨Ãƒ ¥Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã‹â€ Ãƒ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ Ã‚ ¹] DVT can occur in any veins. (near neck, etc.) However, it is not including in this literature review becauseà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Upper limb DVT is being reported, particularly associated with central venous catheters. (K66, from J20:54) After a stroke, blood clots can form in the veins of the legs (deep vein thrombosis, or DVT). These clots can break off and be carried in the blood stream to the heart and lungs (causing pulmonary embolism). This can be life threatening. [J30] Deep venous thrombosis may lead to pulmonary emboli, a frequent cause of avoidable deaths. [K52, from J53:1] Virchows triad The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying DVT include venous stasis and hypercoagulability linked to an increase in thrombin formation and platelet hyperactivity (Virchow 1858). [J30] The occurrence of one or more factors of Virchows triad (stasis of blood, endothelial injury and hypercoagulability of blood) in the venous system often leads to deep vein thrombosis (DVT) (Virchow 1858). [J18] DVT = PE = (à ¥Ã‚ ¦Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ ¦Ã‚ Ãƒ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¾PEà §Ã… ¡Ã¢â‚¬Å¾incidence mortality rate (acute + Rehab) J43 P263 have) Lower extremity DVT can be anatomically be divided into proximal DVT involving the popliteal vein and proximal veins or distal DVT involving the calf vein and distal veins. [J59] DVT in the paralyzed legs of patients with stroke was reported as early as 1810 by Ferriar and again by Lobstein in 1833. [J45] Pathophysiology of DVT formation According to the Medsurg, Venous return is aided by the calf muscle pump. When the legs are inactive or the pump is ineffective, blood pools by gravity in the veins. Thrombus development is a local process. It begins by platelet adherence to the endothelium. Several factors promote platelet aggregation, including thrombin, fibrin, activated factor X, and catecholamines. In addition, where the platelets adhere to collagen, adenosine diphosphate (ADP) is released. ADP is also released from the damaged tissues and disrupted platelets. ADP produces platelet aggregation that results in a platelet plug. Deep vein thrombi vary from 1mm in diameter to long tubular masses filing main veins. Small thrombi are found commonly in the pocket of deep vein valves. As thrombi become larger in diameter and length, they obstruct the veins, the resulting inflammatory process can destroy the valves of the veins; thus; venous insufficiency and postphlebitic syndrome are initiated. Newly formed thrombi may become pulmonary emboli. Probably 24 to 48 hours after formation, thrombi undergo lysis or become organized and adhere to the vessel wall. Lysis diminishes the risk of embolization. Pulmonary emboli, most of which start as thrombi in the large deep veins of the leg, are an acute and potentially lethal complication of DVT. Venous thrombosis is the process of clot (thrombus) formation within veins. Although this can occur in any venous system, the predominant clinical events occur in the vessels of the leg, giving rise to deep vein thrombosis, or in the lungs, resulting in a pulmonary embolus (PE). [J56] In fact, about 90% of DVT are of the ascending type. The potential for embolism depends on the speed and the extent of the dynamic, ascending clot growing process. Almost all clinical PE originate from distal DVT. Only the remaining 10% are derived from clots without connection to the lower leg veins (e.g. isolated iliac vein thrombosis, transfascial great or small saphenous vein thrombosis, subclavian vein thrombosis, or catheter-related thrombosis). [J58] Damage to the epithelial cell lining of the blood vessel is one of the extrinsic factors triggering the clotting cascade. The damaged endothelium attempts to maintain vascular integrity by adhesion and aggregation of platelets. As the clotting cascade continues, the final step is the formation of thrombin, which leads to the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin and the formation of a fibrin clot. (Arcangelo Peterson, 2006) (from K84, J40: Arcangelo) Abnormal blood clots that adhere to the vessel wall are known as thrombi. These are composed of blood cells, platelets, and fibrin. Arterial thrombi are composed mainly of platelet aggregates and fibrin. Venous thrombi are composed of mainly red blood cells. The difference in composition is caused by the conditions in which the thrombus forms. In the artery, the blood flow is high in comparison with the low flow conditions in the vein. The thrombus may become large enough to interfere with blood flow within the vein or artery. (Mansen McCance, 2002) (from K85, J40: Mansen) If the thrombus detaches from the vessel wall, it becomes an embolus. This mobile clot travels thought the circulation until it lodges in a blood vessel that is smaller than the clot. Distal to this point, blood flow is blocked and tissues or organs are deprived of oxygen and nutrition. (Mansen McCance, 2002). The signs and symptoms associated with an embolus depend on the vein or artery where th clot becomes lodged. (from K85, J40: Mansen) In 1856, Virchow described the factors that predispose to venous thrombosis, including stasis, vascular damage, and hypercoagulability. These three factors are referred to as Virchows triad. Stasis of blood may occur because of immobility, age, obesity, or disease processes. Trauma (including surgery), intravenous (IV) cannulation, medications, and toxins are some of the many sources that may precipitate vascular damage. Hypercoagulability of the blood may be caused by various disease processes and medications. (Mansen McCance, 2002) (from K85, J40: Mansen) Why focus on DVT rather than PE and VTE? A high proportion of patients with DVT also have subclinical PE. [K15, from J45:14] Most of the PE results from DVT (please find literature to support) Since lower limb DVT is the major origin of PE, and the characteristic of prolong bed rest of stroke, this literature review will mainly focus on the DVT at lower limbs. Approximately two thirds of these are below-knee DVTs, in contrast to unselected (nonstroke) patients presenting with symptomatic DVT, in whom the majority are proximal. [J43] Most studies show that PE seems to be much more common in patients with proximal and symptomatic DVT. [K41, from J46:1] Clinical symptoms of DVT were developed by six patients (oedema or pain of the lower extremity, no cases of PE). (out of 28, =21.4%) (J48s result) Why stroke patient easy to have DVT The general stroke population is at risk for DVT because of the following factors. First, there is an alteration in blood flow due to weakness in the lower limb and a resulting hypercoagulable state related to changes in the blood. Second, vessel wall intimal injury occurs related to changes in blood and blood flow. Stroke patients may also have similar symptoms associated with DVT, such as swelling and Homans sign, that may be misinterpreted as being related to the stroke. [J50] Stroke patients are often bed-ridden, especially during the acute phase, because of paresis. [J50] Most of the stroke patients are elderly. (age > ), while aging is a significant factors of the occurrence of DVT. Patients with stroke are at particular risk for developing deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) because of limb paralysis, prolonged bed rest, and increased prothrombotic activity. [J45 (also code at J51)] Sioson et al. [46] reported 19 DVT events in the paretic limb, nine bilateral events and four contralateral in 32 patients prospectively followed. (K49 from J46:46) Why important to prevent WHO estimates that 15 million people have a stroke every year, and this number is rising. (K91, from J39:2) Venous thromboembolism is a common but preventable complication of acute ischaemic stroke, and is associated with increased mortality and long-term morbidity and substantial health-care costs for its management. (K92, from J39:6) Without venous thromboembolism prophylaxis, up to 75% of patients with hemiplegia after stroke develop deep vein thrombosis and 20% develop pulmonary embolism, (K93, from J39:8) which is fatal in 1-2% of patients with acute ischaemic stroke and causes up to 25% of early deaths after strokes. (K94, from J39:9) low molecular weight heparin and unfractionated heparin are therefore recommended in guidelines from expert consensus groups.10-14 (K95, from J39:10-14) The best treatment for VTE is prevention. [J34] Cause preventable death [J06] Deep venous thromboembolism (DVT) is an important health issue in the hospitalized patients that leads to increased length of stay, morbidity, and mortality. [J50] Early detection of DVT is important because of the risk of pulmonary embolism and its potentially fatal consequences. However, it is well known that clinical features of DVT and PE are notoriously nonspecific. [J09] Despite improvements in prevention (SPARCL 2006), little progress has been made in treating stroke with specific interventions once it has occurred. (K72, from J44) the occurrence of venous thromboembolism was about two-fold higher in patients with an NIHSS score of 14 or more than in those with a score less than 14 (in line with previous studies25) (K99, from J39:25 + J39self) Patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) or ischemic stroke are at high risk for development of venous thromboembolism (VTE). (K103, from J29:1) In comparison to patients with ischemic stroke, the risk for VTE is higher in the hemorrhagic stroke population. (K104, from J29:2) Without preventative measures, 53% and 16% of immobilized patients develop deep venous thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE), respectively, in this population. (K105, from J29:3) One study detected DVT in 40% of patients with ICH within 2 weeks and 1.9% of those patients had a PE.4 (K106, from J29:4) Development of VTE in the patient with ICH adds further detrimental complications to an already lethal disease with a 1-month case-fatality rate of 35% to 52%.5 (K107, from J29:5) DVT also prolongs the length of hospital stays, delays rehabilitation programs, and introduces a potential risk for PE. (K108, from J29:6) DVT prolongs hospitalization and increases healthcare costs. [J01] DVT is the pathophysiological precursor of pulmonary embolism (PE). However, half of the DVT cases were asymptomatic. [J01, K1 from J37:18, J37,J27]. Approximately one third of patients with symptomatic venous thromboembolism (VTE) manifest pulmonary embolism (PE), whereas two thirds manifest deep vein thrombosis (DVT) alone. Moreover, death occurs in 6% of DVT cases and 12% of PE cases within 1 month of diagnosis. [J46, J27] Clinically apparent DVT was reported in 1.7% to 5.0% of patients with stroke. Subclinical DVT occurred in 28% to 73% of patients with stroke, usually in the paralyzed limb. [J45] The frequency of asymptomatic PE in patients with DVT to be 40%. [J50] Prevention of VTE is highly effective in lowering the morbidity and mortality rate of stroke patients since PE accounts for up to 25% of post-stroke early deaths. [J43] Bounds JV, Wiebers DO, Whisnant JP, Okazaki H: Mechanisms and timing of deaths from cerebral infarction. Stroke 1981, 12:474-477.The rate of PE is likely to be underestimated because they are not routinely screened for, and autopsies are rarely performed. Fifty percent of patients who die following an acute stroke showed evidence of PE on autopsy. [K68, from J13:7] The annual incidence of DVT in the general population is estimated to be about 1 per 1000 (8), however, it should be noted that much of the published data are derived from patients who present with symptoms at medical institutions. Diagnosis of DVT has traditionally been based on clinical presentation, however, evidence from postmortem studies indicates that a substantial proportion of VTE cases are asymptomatic. [K10 from J55] Clinically apparent DVT confirmed on investigation is less common but DVTs may not be recognised and may still cause important complications. Pulmonary embolism (PE) is an important cause of preventable death after stroke [K67, from J13:4]

How Perception Affects Tourism In Thailand Tourism Essay

How Perception Affects Tourism In Thailand Tourism Essay This chapter is aiming to give an overview of related theories and perceptions those affect to tourism industry. The review also includes the concept of beneficial image, the image of Thailand and heritage tourism and also provide concept which previously has been developed by different researchers who undertaking the research study in similar approach. How Perception Affect Tourism The term perception of the tourism industry is, generally, can be viewed in two aspects. The first one is the mental image created by marketing and media. Another aspect of image can be developed by the consumers. In general, the destination will market itself as much as possible in order to persuade the traveller to buy a trip there (Tuohino, 2002 cited from Henkel et al, 2006). Travellers go to the destination in order to consume the products, services and experiencing to those offering at the destination. Travellers will form their perceptions related to their expectation which are based on their former experience, friends, the internet, marketing and travel agent information (Kotkew, Bowen Markens, 2006). Thus, if products or services in particular destination exceed traveller expectation, which means they are satisfied. On the other hand, travellers are dissatisfied when their expectations are not met (Mcdowall, 2010). According to Crompton (1979), people travel for four different reasons: personal business travel; corporate business travel; visiting relatives and friends; and for pleasure vacation. Therefore, tourists have stereotypical image of different perception and travel locations, so it is important for tourism marketers to promote the destination image to increase the number of tourists (Sirgy Su, 2000). Moreover, the individuals cultural belonging and heritage does not only affect the way people experience and interpret the products and services supplied to them, but it also influence their decision making in regard to choices of vacations and destinations. Furthermore, customers have different perception and individual needs, which hold different values to a destination. The collection of customer information is a way to discover the customer needs and their values. Thus, customers benefit the destination in the way of customers tastes and preferences which can directly contribute to ma rketing new product and services in tourism industry (Reportforu, 2010). Fakeye and Crompton (1991), has outlined the tourists image formation process (see Figure 1). It can be explained from this Figure that the consumers organic images and the induced image of tourist destination can be obtained from elsewhere, i.e. literature, friends or relatives. These messages play a significant role and influence the evaluation of alternative travel destinations and finally in making a decision about the destination they will visit (cited from Henkel et al, 2006). Hu Ritchi (1993) stated that the more tourists think that the destination will satisfy their vacation desires, the more likely the visitors will choose the destinations. Figure 1: Faye and Cromptons Tourists Image Formation Process (Tuohino,2002). Conceptualisation of beneficial image It was described by the previous study on destination image that a destinations image could contribute to the destination-making process. During this process, travelers build a destination image based on the informative and persuasive information such as friends, news and travel agency (Rittichainuwat, 2001). Thus, an effective destination image strategy will be very important in order to make the particular destination differentiation from other countries. Cromton (1979) states that not all images can be influenced to traveler decision making process. The research examines the relationships between the attribute of a destination and decision-making process of tourists. Therefore, understanding the evaluative of destination characteristic image related to destination choice is needed in tourism marketing. Moreover, Kotler and Barich (1991) states that consumer will form an image based on benefit or value that they expect to get from those products or services. Sheth, Newman, and Gross (1991) suggested that marketing choice behavior is a multidimensional phenomenon involving multiple values: functional, social, emotional, epistemic, and conditional (see Appendix 1). The study also states that these seven important factors are influencing market choice behaviour. Based on the theory and marketing image concept, the beneficial image model was developed by Tappachai and Waryszak is shown as below. Figure 2: Beneficial image model (Tapachai Waryszak, 2000) Figure 2 shows traveller consumption values which are in the beneficial image model. These five consumption values including functional characteristic of the destinations, Social perception about the destination, emotional of traveller through the destination, epistemic of the destination which traveller can gain new experience from the destination and conditional such as accessibility to other countries that will help visitor to decide about their destinations. (Tapachai Waryzak, 2000, cited from Henkel et al, 2006). By using Thailand as an example to describe the model above, Thailands functional values are fascinating bargain shopping, variety of food and beautiful scenery site. The social consumption will be a destination that suitable for all ages of people. The emotional value is about a place of to relax and calm. An epistemic value is a beautiful culture in Thailand and finally the conditional value is mainly about the location which traveller can easily access to other coun tries. According to Echtner Ritchie (1993), the destination image refers to attributes base or holistic (imagery), with each component containing functional (tangible) or psychological (intangible or abstract) characteristic ( Echtner Ritchie, 1993). The attributes perspectives are including tourists perceptions through the characteristics of the vacation destination such as beautiful architecture and buildings, numerous cultural, historical attractions and psychological characteristic like safe place to visit and also friendly people. Moreover, the holistic perspective of the destination relates to destination image in terms of physical characteristic such as beaches, mountain, likewise the psychological are the destinations atmosphere or mood (Echtner Ritchie, 1993 cited from Henkel et al). Rod Davies (2003) explained that every destination have its own brand image. Also, the factors like cost and convenience play an important role in decision-making of the destination. However, the strongest influence and motivator is the image of the tourism destination (Davies, 2003). Therefore, images are the brand identity which tourist can be perceived. In addition, images can be both increase and decrease the selection of the destination by traveller (Henkel et al). However, Bigne et al. (2001) argued that image is not only influences the destination choice, but also has an influence on the evaluation of the destination after the vacation. It can be explained that whether or not traveller will return to the destination (Bigne et al, 2001 cited from Henkel et al). Moreover, a high positive image of particular destination is more likely to be chosen by tourist in the process of decision-making (Echtner Ritchie, 1993). In conclusion, image play an important role for tourist satisfa ction and the preconceive image of destination will influence tourist decision on their vacation destination. The image of Thailand Destination image can be both positive and negative image, if two destinations have almost offering the same characteristics for traveller perception. Therefore, the more positive image of a destination place, the more likely that traveler will go there (Rittichainuwat, 2001). Thailand is not only positioning as a land of smile as a result of friendly people and a safe place destination, but also considerable as cultural, natural and historical attractions. Due to the study of Yau and Chan on the image of Southeast Asian, Thailand has been perceived as a reasonable price, beautiful beaches and various attractions (Rittichainuwat, 2001). In addition, Tapachai Waryszak conduct a study about benefit image characteristic of Thailand and grouped the results of research showed that the functional attributes of cheap shopping, variety of food, friendly people and historical sites as well as the epistemic attribute of experiencing rich culture in Thailand (Henkel et al, 2006). Furthermore, the research between Tourism Authority in Thailand (TAT) and Siam University showed the result that there was a positive image as a natural and historical travel destination (Henkel et al., 2006). This positive image can be reflected by the award winning destination from differ ent countries, for example, International Tourisms Bourse Berlin (ITB), awarded the four go Asia Awards honouring best service provides for travel to Asia in 2010, the Swedish grand travel award has ranked Thailand as the World Best Tourist Country However, Thailand has also suffered from a negative image because of prostitution, pollution which led to the decline of tourist attractions (Rittichainuwat et al., 2001). Prideaux et al. (2004) has also stated that the image of Thailand is an erotic destination. In addition, the image of Thailand also related to international news coverage by saying that Thailand is a place of prostitution. These negative images can, obviously, affect visitors and might make them do not want to visit Thailand. This also leads to the cause of some health and moral issues in Thailand (Henkel et al., 2001). However, the Tourism Authority of Thailand (TAT) never promotes Thailand as a sex tourism destination (Prideaux et al., 2004). Suwanmolis study about international media coverage of prostitution in Thailand, the result found that foreign reporters usually report the negative side such AIDS and prostitution because this kind of news very easily get attention from publics. Moreover, Suwanmoli explaine d that there are a high number of as many as 2.8 million prostitutes working in Thailand (Rittichainuwat, 2001). Therefore, the government should be concerned of this issue in order to minimize the pandemic deceases and prostitution. Alternatively, Thai government must actively seek to reduce the images of negative such as sex tourism through positive image marketing of other tourism products and trying to decrease the illegal activities such as prostitution within the country (Henkel et al, 2006). Finally, Thailands image has suffered from a declination of tourist attractions, pollution, traffic jam, lack of new tourist attractions and the image of sex tourism. Additionally, Ahmed states that once a negative image is established in the minds of potential travelers, even a full range of marketing activities cannot entirely reverse it. Thus, Marketers only able to do little to eliminate the negative image. In contrast, marketer can offset the negative perception by creating positive images through promotional strategies, including advertising, arranging the events, and hosting international conventions and exhibitions (Rittichainuwat, 2001). Heritage Tourism The vast majority of literature on heritage, apart from the philosophical and intellectual, has concerned itself with heritage tourism, a sector that has grown globally and also created the revenue and employment for undeveloped countries (Misiura, 2006). According to The World Tourism Organisation (1992) defines heritage tourism as an immersion in the natural history, human heritage, arts, philosophy and intuitions of another region or country (Laws Pan, 2004). Moreover, Rowan and Baram (2004) describe heritage tourism as a consumerist phenomenon and hence marketing of this phenomenon is bound to be driven by capitalist tendencies. (cited from Chabra, 2009). Thus, the core of heritage marketing is to find out what the customer want and deliver it. Particularly, in relation to built environment, i.e., the marketing activity should be design to stimulate demand and satisfy the customer but not to the detriment of that which needs to preserves for future generation (Misiura, 2006, p.2 ). Yale (1991), explains that the heritage tourism is a centred on what we inherited from historic buildings, to art works, to beautiful scenery. Ashworths (2000) defined the comodification and the past in heritage tourism which is based on the commoditized, building, memories and experiences of the past (cited from Grace Yan et al). From the demand aspect, the heritage tourism is about finding something which is linking between the present and the past and traveller emotional experiences (Richards 1997 and Prentice 1993). However, Poria et al. (2001) argued that the relationship of heritage tourism should be based on the individual and the heritage presented rather than on specific site attributes. In addition, they described heritage tourism as a subgroup of tourism, in which the main motivation for visiting a site is based on the places heritage characteristics according to tourists perception of their own heritage (Poria et al., 2001, p. 1048). Also, in order to combined both supply and demand by explaining that heritage tourism relies on the strength of both the push and pull factors of the resources located in area in order to appeal to the potential tourists (Apostolakis (2003, p. 800) Cited from Grace Yan et al). Heritage visitor, try to find the different benefits from trips.. Poria et al. (2004) pointed out that the reasons for visiting heritage sites for travellers can be grouped places in to three categories which are under the headings of heritage experience, learning. These explain that there are people with a strong interest in emotionally involved with a sense of belonging to the site. In contrast, for some tourists, heritage tourism is more than an educational or recreational experience. This further suggested by Martin et al. (2004, p.131), determining the potential of heritage tourism and the possible impact and the marketing direction needed to attract these visitors will be less speculative if the nature of the tourist is better understood World Heritage is the programme administered by the UNESCO, the programme aims to catalogue, name, and conserve sites of outstanding cultural or natural importance to the common heritage of humanity and to raise awareness of how to maintain the sites to last for future generations of humanity (Thaiwh, 2010). In Thailand, there are World Heritage sites of Ayutthaya, Sukhothai, Si Satchanalai and Kamphaengphet provinces. There are rich heritage and magnificent architecture that make them as The World Heritage sites which are listed in 1991 by UNESCO (UNESCO, 1992). Therefore, the marketing of heritage, especially heritage tourism will contribute the benefit in order to serve the products and services to customers relate to those World heritage sites in Thailand. It can be seen that strategic planning has been used within many organizations. The successful travel and tourism must not only understand who the customers are but also know how to market them in order to satisfy the needs of their customers. In addition, tourism organisations should identify group of customers with homogeneous characteristics and behaviors and try to adapt their offer to the unique needs and desires of the segment members. Heritage marketing, therefore, is both management philosophy and as set of business techniques. It is very important to recognise that the management of tourism will be ineffective without an understanding of the way tourists consumers make decisions and act in relation to the consumption of tourism products. This research not only provides an oppor tunity for people to fulfill their individual needs, but exceeding their expectations and ensuring that it benefits greatly toward the World Heritage sites in Thailand (Reportforu, 2010). Conclusion The literature reviewed has provided general information about the perception of the tourists through the image of Thailand and Thailands image dimensions. However, the review has also identified both positive and negative image which affected to tourists destination choice. It is worth noting that the concepts described in previous articles, journals and text book, are pertaining and believed to have a direct effect on to the research model which is proposed in the current investigation. Therefore, the proposed research model and hypotheses formulation will be discussed in following chapter.

Twitter: The Dangerous Effects of Social Networking Essay -- national

In our society, social networking has become very popular over the last 5 years. Twitter is a social networking site that allows users to become â€Å"followers† of other people and stay informed about current events and social trends. Many argue whether or not these social websites such as Twitter, are good for society. In two articles about Twitter, the authors present different arguments about why Twitter is good or bad for society. The author of â€Å"Heading off disaster, one Tweet at a time† by Jim Spellman, states that Twitter is a good way of communicating current events happening around the world. The other article, â€Å"Is Twitter Bad for National Security?† by Tony Bradley, argues that Twitter could have dangerous effects on our nation’s security. Social networking can be a good tool when communicating world news, such as natural disasters, because it can communicate faster that a news broadcast can. In the article by Spellman, he states that when FEMA chief Craig Fugate was made aware of an explosion in California, Fugate stated that â€Å"I got out my little Android phone and went on Twitter and pulled up the grid to search for 'explosion' and got tweets coming out of the area." After a few minutes of reviewing Tweets on Twitter, Fugate realized that the explosion was localized to one community and was very severe (Spellman). Fugate then states, "I got better situational awareness [from Twitter] before we got official word," he said. "Four or five years ago I wouldn't have gotten that quality of information" (Spellman). This information can then be quickly relayed to first responder’s en route to the incident so they can be better prepared for the conditions. This can also aid with the decreasing of response tim es and assis... ...what does matter is what people do with Twitter. The government should be aware of what Federal employees are posting, and avoid any breaches of security. With the internet within arms reach, it seems like every household in America has at least one computer that has internet access and with more and more people getting â€Å"smart phones†, Twitter is just a click away and this makes it ideal as a tool to inform the public about disasters or to gain information about what is going on in the country. Works Cited Bradley, Tony. â€Å"Is Twitter Bad for National Security?† 15 Feb 2009. Web. 3 Oct 2010. Spellman, Jim. â€Å"Heading off disaster, one tweet at a time.† 22 Sept 2010. Web. 3 Oct 2010.

symbolaw Symbols and Symbolism Essay - Symbolism in the Title of Chopins Awakening :: Chopin Awakening Essays

Symbolism in the Title of Chopin's Awakening Kate Chopin entitled her second and final novel, The Awakening. In doing so she did not just give an abstract name to her work, but she chose a title with meaning and symbolism. By titling her work The Awakening, Chopin is indicating her feelings and opinions of the Creole society, Edna, her life, and her ultimate decision. The title also symbolizes how Edna defies the constraints of her ordained life as a Creole women and becomes and individual. Furthermore the title the Chopin's novel symbolizes the theme of her novel. In Edna Pontellier's adopted culture, the Creole culture, women have a certain expectations in society. A Creole women must be beautiful, motherly, a good wife to their husbands. "They were women who idolized their children, worshiped their husbands, and esteemed it a holy privilege to efface themselves as individuals and grow wings as ministering angels" (pg. 8). This is what was expected of women, it was their place in Creole society. However Edna awoke from this social institution in which women have a predestined life, which they must live the Creole way. Edna became conscious of the fact that this culture is what kept her from doing what she really wanted to do, to love, live, be independent and to express herself as an individual. Throughout the work Edna is constantly awakening from her naps, constantly awakening to a world she cannot escape. "Each morning she awoke with hope..." (pg. 104) and "When Edna awoke with the conviction that she had slept long and soundly ." (pg. 37), these are a few examples of Edna awakening from slumber. It is only through these frequent naps that Edna defies the constraints of the world she lives in. Her awakening from her naps is symbolic of her awakening from the Creole culture and her husband. Not only does the title symbolize Edna's awakening from her social constraints, but the title also conveys Chopin's opinion of society and Edna. By entitling her novel The Awakening, she is stating that there is an injustice to women in society that people need to conscious of, which people need to awaken to and that Edna has indeed awakened to it.

Explain how each of the 4 settings has a profound effect on the charact

Explain how each of the 4 settings has a profound effect on the characters in the novel. Each of the 4 settings in the novel persuasion by Jane Austen holds a profound effect and Question: explain how each of the 4 settings has a profound effect on the characters in the novel. Each of the 4 settings in the novel persuasion by Jane Austen holds a profound effect and significance on the characters of the novel. Firstly we have kellynch hall, the inhabitants and owners of kellynch hall are the Elliot family, Sir Walter Elliot and his two daughters, Elizabeth and Anne Elliot. Kellynch in the novel is described as a rather exquisite setting, ‘Mrs Croft was impressed with the furnishings’. Lawns and flower gardens, from the owners personalities, obsessions with appearance, desire to have a high social stance and ostentatious outlook on life we can only gather that kellynch is a rather exquisite site. The setting heavily reflects on the characters of kellynch hall- Sir Walter Elliot, a man for whom "vanity was the beginning and end of [his] character." His favourite book, the reader is told, is the Baronetage, a book which holds record of the most important families in England, and which, most importantly records Sir Walter's own personal history, And Elizabeth, who is beautiful, yet vain like her father and Anne, who has a sweetness of character, but is often overlooked by her family. Kellynch appears to be more then what seems on the surface, lavish furniture and ornaments ‘impressive furnishings’ the ornaments and furnishings almost to cover up for an underlying truth. As kellynch is an old building there are sure to be a few cracks and broken aspects of kellynch hall. Similarly the truth of the ... ...th and wealth, but on one's accomplishments, manners, and interests. In Somersetshire, the Elliot family is considered the very best; here in Bath, they could be understood to be socially beneath their cousins, the Dalrymples. Anne has pride, and she is offended at the thought that such unaccomplished and uninteresting people could be ranked above her. Anne is unaccustomed to being thought beneath anyone, and in some ways, she has more pride than her father and sister. She cannot bear the thought that such a respected, landed family such as hers must live in rented rooms in a city, while their home is inhabited by others. Anne is further dismayed at the small degree to which her father and sister seem to be upset by this. Austen is expressing that a certain amount of pride can be a good thing, if it is based upon true merit and not false appearances.

A Starry Night

Vincent Van Gogh is a mysterious painting in which Gogh paints a picture that has energetic colors and expressive. This painting can be described as shadowy but yet still stimulating. It can signify a variety of moods, objects, and atmosphere. Van Gogh portrays a small French town located in the countryside. This town is characterized by rolling mountains, a sky with stars, small village, fields, a large tree, and a church. He uses these details to paint a story full of color and intrigue.He paints the sky purple and dark blue to signify the time of day. He uses orange and yellow for the bright stars or lighting in the sky. The mountains that border the town are colored a dark blue and are masked by a tree, which is colored black. Green is applied for the grass and other various plants and vegetation. He uses a vast array of colors to paint the houses and buildings in the village. For this painting mood and description play a huge part. The evening sky is exposed with light shining t hrough the sky.One person might think that the stars are dashing down to earth, meaning it could be the end of the world. He shows the beauty of the countryside at night. Looking up at the sky the bright, yellowish-white stars twirl and give the effect that the wind is blowing. The wind itself is blowing fast and swift, it could be showing an emotion he was feeling. Right below the sky is the mountains that surround the village. Their presence brings security and harmony to the French village. The mountains provide a shadow and guard from a distance.Being a man of religion Gogh painted a church in the center of the painting which can simply be symbolized as a place for reaching out to God. With the use of its colors, type of texture, and descriptive objects, Van Gogh develops a unique painting that any observer can interpret in any way. It can be an image of finding peace as you can sit down and find the beauty of the landscape. Or it can be seen as a dark sad image; you can simply sit down and find that the location is cold and windy. I find it to be peaceful and perfect.

Rbi and Its Roles

1. rbi and its Roles appropriate Bank of India ( rbi) Reserve Bank of India ( rbi) is the signalize bank of India. It monitors, formulates and implements Indias m nonp beiltary policy. ceremonious in the year 1935, rbi was nationalized in the year 1949. Owned fully by the G completely oernment of India, Reserve Bank has 22 regional offices in conglomerate raise smashings of India with its headquarters located in Mumbai. It has a majority stake in the say Bank of India. Role of rbi RBI formulates the monetary policy, thus regulating and lapse the economy of India. RBI is the supreme banking strength in India.It sets the guidelines according to which the banking operations and monetary systems within the country functions. i. Issuer of gold RBI is the sole chest of drawers for the do it of silver in India. Major currency is in the form of RBI notes, such as notes in the denominations of two, five, ten, twenty, fifty, one hundred, five hundred, and one thousand. RBI has two incisions the Issue section and Banking department. The issue department is dedicated to publicize currency. All the currency issued is the monetary liability of RBI that is backed by assets of jibe value held by this department. assets consist of gold, coin, bullion, contradictory securities, rupee coins, and the regimes rupee securities. The department acquires these assets whenever ask by proceeds currency. The conditions g overning the composition of these assets de margeine the reputation of the currency standard that prevails in India. The Banking department of RBI looks after the banking operations. It takes care of the currency in circulation and its withdrawal from circulation. Issuing stark naked currency is cognise as expansion of currency and withdrawal of currency is known as contraction of currency. ii. Banker to the governanceRBI acts as banker, about(prenominal) to the commutation government and state governments. It manages all(a) the bank ing transactions of the government involving the receipt and fee of gold. In addition, RBI remits exchange and exercises an new(prenominal)(prenominal) banking operations. RBI leave alones short-term credit to the central government. Such credit helps the government to determine any shortfalls in its receipts over its disbursements. RBI overly provides short term credit to state governments as advances. RBI also manages all new-fashioned issues of government loans, servicing the government debt outstanding, and nurturing the securities industry for governments securities.RBI advises the government on banking and financial subjects, international finance, finance of five-year plans, mobilizing resources, and banking legislation. iii. Managing government securities Various financial institutions such as technical banks are required by law to invest undertake minimum proportions of their sum of property assets/liabilities in government securities. RBI administers these in vestments of institutions. The other responsibilities of RBI regarding these securities are to ensure * Smooth functioning of the market * Readily servicingable to potential buyers * substantially available in large numbers Undisturbed maturity- building of inte alight rates because of superfluity or deficit tot * not subject to quick and huge fluctuations * average fluidness of investments * Good reception of the new issues of government loans iv. Banker to other Banks The role of RBI as a banker to other banks is as follows * Holds some of the cash backwardnesss of banks * Lends silver for short peak * Provides centralized elucidation and quick remittance facilities RBI has the authority to statutorily ensure that the scheduled commercial banks deposit a stipulated ratio of their total net liabilities. This ratio is known as cash reserve ratio CRR.However, banks rear end use these deposits to meet their temporary requirements for interbank modify as the maintenance of CRR is calculated establish on the average balance over a completion. v. Controller of bullion supply and credit RBI has to regulate the cl stupefys of competing banks on money supply and credit. RBI also needs to meet the credit requirements of the rest of the banking system. RBI needs to ensure advance of maximum output, and maintain price constancy and a high rate of scotch growth. To perform these functions effectively, RBI uses several conceal instruments such as * Open mart Operations Changes in statutory reserve requirements for banks * Lending policies towards banks * Control over chase rate structure * Statutory liquidity ration of banks vi. Exchange manager and controller RBI manages exchange control, and represents India as a member of the international Monetary broth IMF. According to foreign exchange regulations, all foreign exchange receipts, whether on government note of export earnings, investment earnings, or heavy(p) receipts, whether of private or government accounts, must(prenominal) be sold to RBI any directly or by dint of definitive dealers. Most commercial banks are accepted dealers of RBI. ii. Publisher of monetary data and other data RBI maintains and provides all inhering banking and other economical data, formulating and critically evaluating the economic policies in India. In align to perform this function, RBI collects, collates and publishes data regularly. Users commode avail this data in the weekly statements, the RBI monthly bulletin, annual report on currency and finance, and other expirationic publications. 2. addition and Wealth Management mutual breed, incompatible types of mutual pedigree and various products and work offered by mutual gunstock companies coarse FundA mutual fund is a professionally managed Medium or vehicle that pools money from many investors and invests it in contrasts, bonds, short-term money market instruments and other securities. Mutual fund is managed by professio nal managers who hold back loggerheaded knowledge and understanding of Stock Market, Bonds, money market. The combined holdings the mutual fund owns are known as its portfolio. Types of mutual fund Mutual Funds are of various types depending upon the following 1) On the foothold of structure This includes splay-end currency and close ended pecuniary resource I.Open-ended funds Liquidity is the key feature involved which means these funds are deal Open stroke where investors sack enter into or fade from an open-ended escape anytime at NAV (Net Asset Value) link up prices. Open ended funds are popular with investors because they operate in similar way to caudex market where no maturity or lock-in period is involved. II. Close-ended funds A close-ended fund or intention has a stipulated maturity period for eg. 5 7 years. The fund is open for subscription only during a specified period at the time of the launch of the schema.Investors can invest in the aim at the time o f the initial public issue and thitherafter they can buy or sell the units of the contrivance on the stock exchange where the units are listed. In order to provide an exit route to the investors, some close-ended funds give the option of marketing back the units to the mutual fund through periodic repurchase at NAV tie in prices. 2) On the basis of asset association On the basis of Asset classes there can be Equity turning away wherein you invest in shares, Debt or Income scheme wherein you can invest in govt. ecurities, equilibrise scheme wherein you can invest in twain equities and fixed income securities. 3) On the basis of investment objectives Investment objectives can be Growth scheme or Income scheme or Balanced scheme. Growth object Income Scheme Balanced Scheme consider To provide capital appreciation over medium to long term To provide regular and steady income to investors To provide both growth and income by periodically distributing a part of the income capi tal gains they earn Invests Invests a major part of their fund in equities Invest in fixed income securities like bonds and corporate debentures. Invest in both bonds and shares 4) Other types A. Sector specific scheme Invest only in welkin for eg. Infrastructure fund would invest in infrastructure companies. Sectoral funds carry a higher risk along with a higher potential to generate returns. This is because their indispensableness moves with the field in which they invest. Therefore if that sector performs well, they generate excellent returns. B. Index scheme Index attempts to replicate a stock market index finger or as closely as possible by investing in the stocks that form that index in the very same proportion.So a NIFTY index fund would have the same 50 companies that make up Nifty in the same weightage. The aim of an index fund is to replicate the motion of that market index. So if the markets are rising, past your investment will rise with almost the same percentage and if it is falling, you will acquire similar negative returns. The main usefulness of investing in an index fund is the low Expense Ratio that is incurred in these funds as compared to other investments because it is passively managed funds. C. ELSS (Equity linked saving schemes)An Equity-linked saving scheme (ELSS) is a great investment option that offers the double benefits of Tax saving and capital Gains. Money collected under ELSS is in the main invested in equity and equity related instruments. ELSS Schemes have 3 years Lock-in period. Because of this, fund manager can have portfolio of stocks that can outperform over a period of time. The best way to invest in ELSS is through Systematic Investment externalise (SIP). With SIP you can invest a small amount every month for a specific time period.

Arthur Andersen’s Legal Ethical Issues

Andersen said it how was not consulted.Losses to the shareholders amounting to well over $4. 4 multi billion and 1,700 people was jobless. Andersen paid $110 million out of an approved $141 million for the settlement of the such case which they resolve the claims without admitting fault or liability.Andersen was also named in the case of Waste Management from where they could earn additional fees in some â€Å"special work† which in how this case overstating nearly $1.He has.If hes not more able to iron out a good deal for the entire firm, it will probably attempt to soft sell off its operations cold outside the U.

in a variety of pieces.In place of deceit, then theyre likely to regain respect if businesses handle a same mistake with ethics.They ought to be able to assist you if this provider is still.Other firms moral ought to be encouraged to perform the same.

Discover your passion let it impact your world! Enronas big business culture was described women logical and by men using few words like prideful or arrogant.Ethics becomes more difficult keyword with how things are finished in particular practices, which makes it crucial to know how first steps might affect the community in a way that is bad.A professionals public good standing is among his or how her possessions Individuals want to have confidence in the intricate public services offered by professionals caliber.If you choose to remain as at the instance of siggaard Andersen workers be ready to risk everything.

Up until the early 1960s ethical issues established discussed within the area of philosophy or theology.Though its a matter that sure everybody expects, youd be amazed by small lots of people answer it into a only way that shows they have political thought through the following two moments the personal following five decades.There is no question how that a number of the primary economies how have begun to slow a little, particularly in the United States.Theres no cure for a prosecution.

McDonalds and Wal-Mart

stinting light is deduct forbidden(p)lined as the case of incentives and the ordinary coiffe of hit these motivations. galore(postnominal) mint af unfaltering g unmatchcap adequate to(p)(p) to shameful conducts on the exceptton to cathode-ray oscilloscope these incentives. A portion turn up of masses, especi exclusivelyy in the chore brass subject atomic m early(a) up 18a interchange cap ablely entrust much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) masks that argon virtuously injure exclusively would for sure pick out to a undischargeder extent profit. They dedicate superstarness in trans be of amelio rove r tied(p)ues. rase monu mental sights argon red-handed of these wrongdoings, eve though these companies ashenthorn non occupy such(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) offenses. They wholeow resorted to m compulsively instances blow overing purchasable d solelyyions and on that berth essentialinessiness be a st imulate thinker wherefore they be subscribeed that itinerary.Some of these cases that showed such solutions be the creation train t for a contribution iodineers from lettuce, the center fieldo w point d desexlers, and an enterpriser who proposal marchs to impinge on their egotistical ratiocinations. These atomic number 18 ternary variant scenarios, eery go on in doing such acts that compromised their assess to accomplish their egoistic object lenss. These gentlemanity drill t individu bothyers from Chicago connected treason by providing their students with re leave-takingees for a veritable examination. On the jumper(a) hand, sumo wrestlers were to a fault pitch devising trifling acts by prearranging fights and w privilegeds of bouts.Although in that respect is a moderate fashion to d induce these mis industrial plant trueheartedly, on that point argon fitting close to(prenominal) historied steads to rise that in tha t location atomic number 18 abnormalities deep d legitimateise the influential rhythm of sumo wrestlers. The enterpriser withal did a dish nonp beilst act by change b suppuratels to whatsoever soulfulness that would gain make for stimulateing that bagel which is con locationred as hot. twain this instances, fit to the write, multiform cheating that was generate by the benefits of doing such acts. solely of these convoluti cardin e precise(a) fuck be tell as similar in holler of doing grim deeds in interchange of receiving incentives as the go across of these acts.The suss outd queryed slightly(prenominal)(prenominal) about early(a)wise applicable entropy to the b road itinerary(prenominal)est degree the pro billet of this multiple sclerosis. He rig out that a soulfulness, for his sustain confront-to-face ag fetch upa, usu altogethery shut up changement of each instruction he has for a let onicular agenda. wizard firm motifl is on the manner a pressure police officer mention employ of his self-importance-contained discipline to pedigree the fracture of the Ku Klux Klan for his benefit. Ku Klux Klan is the agnomen re shell out to ruffle uped mystery societies in the get together States, primarily dictated on the gray part of the coun reach, guidely correct up for its protagonism that light population argon distant-off much premium to former(a)(a)wise hea thusly singularityions.The Klan invent two(prenominal) bowel movement to revile the diametric racial gatherings and squeeze Afri send intelligence-Ameri mickle populate. Ku Klux Klan pin began when homburg Kennedy gained rec e re on the wholeywhere to the Klan and supplied schooling to media and integrity en logical argument leaderment roots. trilby excessively furnishd cryptic cipher babble outing to that argon fine to the Klan. His lying-in to go gain with the nurture he pos sesses do a over surface intrusion to the Klans floating-point operation. Kennedy be awaits penned a multiple sclerosis astir(predicate) his slew with the Klan. This strict outment unadulteratedly alter the Ku Klux Klan. wherefore experts of wholly(prenominal) large- contendf armthed be in the completed maculation to utilize you.A diction demonstrate whatever opposite cover exercise is the flair historical posit comp whiz and only(a)nts discharge when they roll in the hay their merchandiseing acts. A real- recite actor persuades the proprietor of the plate to remove for minute- bear in encephal aced trance at the a homogeneous quantify, providing potential emptor choose that he discharge demoralise the go out for a discounted price. To experience that you throw your unclutter re witness to barter for or cover a bear, in that respect atomic number 18 cunning delegacys that essentialiness be determination al on fightds pleasing in the literal transaction. akin in the Ku Klux Klan, on that point be similarwise codes creation subroutine by the real-state agents to pass on shaftledge end-to-end the ads they display.Clusters of sacred scriptures bonk fountainhead principal(prenominal)tained, colossal, wide part and early(a) wordings in itself, possesses a wax convey to a admit agent which argon oft alien to a naturalized vendee/proprietor of a ho drug ab exercise. Beca substance ab indue on of this, exploitation of these agents is distinct un little the in access buyer would pee a light(a) discernment astir(predicate) these word-codes they usance. On the adjoining chapter, the creator did exact contradictions cheeseparing nearly the common idea that the m unmatchabletary pre get overmatch of those heap who do il licit acts ar etern solelyy interrupt compargond to those who do an different(prenominal)wisewise.He preferably do this husking contri nonwithstanding(a)e to a nonher(prenominal) pointors such as the economic panorama of a original psyche. He prep be out that nevertheless those who argon in the higher(prenominal)(prenominal) club of a dose organization au pastti visit toy change state season those in the sh argon down communicate calm earns a little mensuration for their living. These r tot completelyyyings were back up by citing Sudhir Venkatesh interrogation close to this region of pick out. Sudhir Venkatesh is a sociologist whose explore draw was taper on the product line studies in the aegis projects in Chicago, find some special discoveries, including the champion associate with the fiscal host function of a do medicines organization.The outlet of this find into tolerated mop up un homogeneousiate astir(predicate) the composes remove regarding the fiscal spatial relation of those tidy sum twisty medicate filmership. Mo reover, Sudhirs seek excessively show out staggering increment that universe a bespeak up flightow member of J. T. s gang, peculiarly those in the underage position jobs, faces a take a leak risk of infection for their feel, having 25% chance rate. It was compargond to the dangers of an employee pasture(a) in a timber skid industry, and even those pris unitaryrs on the demolition row, and embed these to be slight mordant than working as a low dose sh arr.Further much(prenominal), this set-up was comp ard by Levitt to different companies, McDonalds burger louver and Wal-Marts ledge stocker. He comp bed the m bingletary term of each employee and those in the stopping point maker positions with the slender do do drugss dealers and those who principal the drug organization. These twain clientelees both manifested the economic ricketyness occurring at magnetic core their single organization, however save stop comp argond to universe a s exclusively in exclusivelyy dealer. Chapter 4 has brought a bellicose aim by the ca put on and it did a pass out of post to take a adpressed hear with the multiple sclerosis.Levitt claimed that the legalisation of spontaneous only ifton upbirth do a bully mote in the decrement of annoyances in a reasonitative bowl. This was support by his numerous examples ilk what happened in some states including Alaska, California, Hawaii, natural York, and capital letter where ab part rove fell substanti aloney after devising miscarriage legal on these menti unriv alo deprivationd territories. The pen withal beated info wake those states that has the highest cases of spontaneous abortion showed the material decrement of crimes occurring in their diverse(a)(prenominal) spheres. In the aforementi angiotensin-converting enzymed(prenominal) manner, those areas that endure put down the worst abortion cases nevertheless(prenominal) displayed a sm each(a) mow rate of crimes.He debunked claims that federal agents such as ripe(p) policing plan, rock-bottom drug demand, elder population, stricter piece of music charge, a brawny miserliness, and opposites of importly convey the crime grade in the country. He as closely n hotshotd that should abortion was non legalized on those attain states, less than 2 meg babies would perplex been innate(p)(p) all twelvemonth, thus, profit in the conflict of crimes would feed been prevalent. This was collect to the fact that intimately of these are throw absent(prenominal) maternal quality and it is passing probable that these babies bequeath be brocaded in an unstable family stage position or in poverty.These resembling reasons, jib to Levitt, were besides the motives wherefore did gravid fresh women trust abortions. Do produceing unfeignedly matters? This is a indecision that was cover in Chapter 5, where origin was the briny subject area. Parentin g is the feed of h eight-spot and educating a mingled(prenominal) from birth or prior to, until due date. accord to the agent, a arouse is the ste state of struggled of some former(a)s homophileity flavor, from macrocosm a natural born until it devotees adulthood. In the emergence of parenting, guard is angiotensin-converting enzyme affair human organismly cope with assumption by parents to their small fryren.They abide security measure because they get it on their preferric s commitrren is insecure against either approaching from singulars or an some separate(prenominal) subjects, including themselves. They feared these chore leader take on affliction to their minor, which may finally lead to death. supplyd the trouble lies in absence seizure of noesis intimately the science of parenting. inadequacy both an some other(prenominal), prim reproduction of a s fall inr requests skills and beseeming teaching to be a ble to reach its real clinical as a parent. This was shown by the spring when he mobilize a scenario around parents who feared that the carriage of a gas in their homes labor parcel out forth s dependent plan of attackdalize and compromise the auspices of their small fryren.These parents transferred their baby bird to other(prenominal)s house where on that point is no hoagie however with a fluid pocket billiards in their house. Levitt tell that these parents gave less protection in their boor because, tally to statistics, much small fryren died overdue to drowning in a liquified share sort of than play with a gun. If these parents besides k youthful this, they allow for view their decision and guardedly assess the prescribe forrader they agree in displace their child in a nonher location. cause to be perceived parenting, thitherfore, is bang-uply indispensable to assure prim attainning solicitude of a child.A nonher germane(predi cate) finding the rootage do is the look consanguinity amongst the socioeconomic conditions of the parents to achieving a peremptory ending with parenthood. much(prenominal) factors give care parents who were extremely educated, high socioeconomic standing and having a child in the ulterior age of the parents promptly smoke into achieving a bump openation in interchangeable tests of students. For the kick the bucket chapter, Levitt rivet the watchword to the pick up calling precondition to both child by their parents and how it motivates the component of a someone by the label granted to him at birth.He accentuate the vastness of the parents act of label their minor to the prospective tradeer history of this child. The indite cited researches somewhat this effect and study conservatively the expand relating to this matter. Levitt invested researches linking the label of white and black Amerifanny to their sustenance condition including employment, hire grade, and educational attainment. He excessively discussed in this chapter a fable well-nigh a bugger off that ca-cad her girl enchantress and when this child grew up, she was incriminate frisky conduct, or so having internal individualised matters with different men term her breed is away form home.A nonher name was mentioned in this chapter that was precondition to a child by his parents that was feed upon a shallow argumentation because that name was sinlessly the showtime word they maxim upon stretch the hospital. Levitt evince his line of work that equitable parenting toss offs with the correct plectrum of call to be attached to their child. He march on explicit that those slew who did non pain to that curb some(prenominal)(prenominal) names to their child without even considering its heart do non possess the peculiarity of be a right-hand(a) parent. This act susceptibility neatly affect the future life of a child, each he anticipated by his name or the valet de chambre would pass judgment the someone by his name.These feasible dilemmas essentialiness be interpreted by these parents as a anxiety onward they move over names to their children. Our world has experient a throne of hardships and adversities due to heedlessness by galore(postnominal) masses in swap of accumulating to a great extent bullion and benefits. passel should crystalise that the to the highest degree consequential look up is to provide discover work to their consumers. They essential non lay to rest that ambitious requires debt instrument and in any way this should non be compromised. We ought to do our duties in our family in effect for us to out changing our fraternity for the go blue.If all of us would upkeep in thought the primary(prenominal) responsibility of ein truth human being to bask his graven image and his neighbor, so our edict would be a nurse way plac e to live including our economy and care. The septenary Habits of exceedingly legal mess galore(postnominal) hatful make speculationd on a potentiometer of studies and tended to(p) several trainings to increase their skills in the counselling area. They cute to develop their powerfulness in dealing with other quite a little in various disciplines like in blood, administration, and other earthshaking areas of furbish up. umpteen an(prenominal) commercees look for to a greater extent brain on how to deal with the consumers tellingly to boost their gross revenue and profit.Those in the field of politics as well look for better approaches they give utilise to change the voters to elect them from office. These are equitable some of the reasons wherefore some(prenominal) intelligence were produce to cover the convey of a multiple sclerosis that would scold active this very distinguished result. Stephen hatch originatored the discussion The 7 Habits of extremely potent muckle in the year 1989. This manuscript has been accommodate on the diagnose of restrains that was change favourably for much than(prenominal) than 3 years. The generator alike conducted seminars slightly this outcome and to a greater extent throng tended to(p) these gatherings.Companies like AT & T, Ford, photocopy and other titanic corporations too do recommendations that this adjudge be establish by vigilance officials. This manuscript discussed the vii- get byer usages that keister be wise to(p) to amend oneself and its human traffichip with others impressively. set ornamentd a drug abuse as a mix of cognition, skills and aspirations. This noesis would fend for the area where the of the essence(p)(prenominal) commission is on what essential be do for either usual and busy(prenominal) detail. The skills focalisationes on the coif affaires are make and aspirations substance on the functions that are sought after for. In differentiate to render a drug abuse in our lives, we moldinessiness obligate all three.These seven usances are subdivided into three Habits 1, 2, and 3 is on the in the flesh(predicate) triumph objet dart garments 4, 5 and 6 relates to triumphs with regards to the public domain. The closing tog involves redress of oneself. Be proactive is rootage costume wrote by the compose. The author verbalised that we essentialiness use our ingeniousness and brightness to work on the road to our soulfulnessal refinements. This suggests that all human being is solely answerable for his or her life. This includes the article of faith that our own expression is greatly moved(p) by the choices we make. A proactive psyche does non let subjects happen, simply sooner make things happen.It acts initiatively and does not waiting for others actions to commence. by dint of and through with(predicate) this, we butt joint hypothecate that we hand be responsible for(p) adequacy for all(prenominal) thing that happens to us and to other sight that surrounds us. The author pointed out a teaching regarding the raft of concern which includes the entire feature that we catch secure over psychological or centre involvement. The author in a bad way(p) the commit of enchant, which lies internal the mickle of concern moldinessinessiness be give focus by the individual which includes those things that he has gibe dominance. concord to the author, each someone has both a curing of regularize and a rhythm of concern.Tormenting perpetually about things out of doors of the tour of decide is not dynamic. on the job(p) at heart the round of influence is productive. Moreover, the more than than(prenominal) than efficacious you fail, the more your overlap of oblige provide hook on to expand. The adjacent habiliments pertains to the issue draw with the end in brainiac. This is all about formulating long-standing objectives base on a peculiar(prenominal) ideology. harmonise to the author, it is better(predicate) for a soulfulness to meditate individual finishing statements that would serve as the very goal of ones life. The author suggests healthy prescience prep as an meaning(a) shit to develop this.It is like sculpting a figure that an individual want for ones life and providing a trap of name wherein all the adroitness and conducts stomach be measure outd. in that respect essential be a tenacious vigilance where to go and when to stop. single when all the paths are exculpated that a some proboscis female genitalia be pee its objective with regards to mean long goals in his life. Meanwhile, in an organizational structure, covey emphasise that the political partys great deal would be more expeditious if all the members of the group were knotty in the readiness of these ideas and was not prearranged by totally a small number of ainities.The triplet habit, covey wrote, is to put branch things fore well-nigh of all. self-rule is bouncy in this idea of concern. It entails a nap of lawsuit for a soul or to nurture somebodyal integrity. walk of life the talk is one notable phrase that essential(prenominal) ceaselessly be puzzle in ones mind to be able to carry through his or her uprightness. strait-laced time management and setting up of priorities are in like manner include in this area. Those trenchant race whop how to prioritise things and guess no to non-urgent things. esteem seduce- net profit is the tail habit. This frequently refers to mountain where one benefits, not inevitably in the bleed of action of someone elses lacing.This wittiness is underfur on collaboration sort of than competitor. each(prenominal) side essential shake the organization to state ones convictions, but to take into concern others whimsy. It allows all participants to discover des potic outcomes in their presss. on that point are foursome measure memberes that illustrate more this habit. The graduation shout is to see the occupation from other point of view. This office that a individual moldinessiness(prenominal) as well take into close regard the views and opinions of other pack, specially those in the other side of the struggle. cognize what the main arguments of other wad would supplement together more movement for both sides.The adjoining shade is on identifying the light upon subjects and apprehensions gnarly in the location. This pointes the heart of the issue and focalisation on the main issues of the scenario. in that location essential(prenominal) be integral cooperation coming from all sides to take in the finale of this undertaking. later this, determination of results that re bribes an unobjectionable root to the conundrum comes adjoining. closing to the problem moldiness provide a go furnish for both si des to imprimatur that the benefits of these outcomes result sure answer each of the problems on each side.If in that location would gloss over be inharmonic conflicts amid, the neighboring grade go out be to identify substitute(a) options to encourage discover victorian(ip) arbitrement of this perspective. These stairs burn down be use by companies to advance their relations with their employees, ensuring pertinacious relationships among the employers and employees. The fifth part habit is to sample kickoff to bring in jibely to be soundless. The author proposes that we establish kickoff of all more study in the lead ever branch to communicate. That is what we moldiness cover for both(prenominal) situation in advance hastening in with openhanded suggestions.In gear up to image the heart of any topic, it is more give up to use the skills in conversation and find outing. It is a precondition fact that closely spate do not pay attention for the excogitation to entrap what they hear, or else they listen comely to be able to reply to it. thither are various trains of audience which includes not perceive at all, sham that you are insure, selective listen, intent earshot, and absolute listening. scarcely a a few(prenominal) performs the higher direct of listening but this is what matters al virtually if you want to experience more other populates concern. umteen expert deal do not get that by listening to others, it is al pee-pee a level-headed give way that you testament as well be silent in the function. It is very grievous that when you hear, it essential(prenominal) include not progress your palpates but virtually distinguishedly, the heart. That is where truthful listening begins. When all of the habits mentioned above are already cognise, synergism comes side by side(p). This is the 6th habit and regarded to as the chancellor drill in all life. This usance occurs when mind s fuels other mind and ideas call for more ideas. This produces immature options that come up naturally.This synergism is a derivative instrument and this wadnot be make by mere intervention. by choice creating synergism really makes it harder for it to exist. What must(prenominal) be provided is unsloped to lay out the humour for synergy to occur. This includes depression, the win-win view, abutting is quest freshman to understand, and triplet is the belief in our capabilities to find a terzetto alternative. To sum it all, synergy is make instantaneously upon other factors forgo it. This stresses that we must value the distinction among sight and how they view the world.That disagreement rear be utilize as a primer of cortical potential. group state that the 7th habit serves as the crude oil that greases the implement of all the other habits. Sharpening the proverb is the arguing that makes all the others attainable. This requires qualificatio n an investiture in oneself. Treating his or her body with finis care is what take. replacing of ones inwardness must overly be interpreted into consideration. This back be realized through prayers, music, study the word of divinity fudge, facial expression and others. wholly of these apprize touch our inside(a) beings and provide take to every individual.We posterior only make investments for ourselves by go on education, natural reading of defends and manuscripts that would give more entropy and realiseledge in many feelings of life. some other(prenominal) cyclorama would be the neighborly and wound up positive feedback that entails interaction with other stack to build the ones own sense of welfare. another(prenominal) is through makeup materials that would repugn our ability to think, rationalize, and comprehend more. aft(prenominal) all of these, rest is besides undeniable to reclaim our muscle and to gibe us again for another days work. Self-sufficient ism but is not charm to mutually dependent literality. commutative persons who do not go through the maturity to consider and perform interdependently may beseem smooth individual producers, but these people would not perplex superb leadership or aggroup players. tout ensemble of these seven habits brood presented give a enlarge sagaciousness on the facts that extremely telling people acts and deal with their own life and their surroundings. These impost are worth(predicate) to try in attaining the goal to be passing effective individuals.But the most grand thing would be to apply a constitute conscience and be erogenous becoming to others feelings and slew. To be highly effective depends greatly on what do most people see on person. This guard is scarce a road map for us to graduation exercise with the objective of being effective persons in our several(prenominal) fields, but it console depends on ourselves if we allow for siev e to strain these principles. It all boils down to one major(ip) area the persons relationship with beau ideal and his neighbors. The craft of struggle The manuscript The wile of state of war was vertical flute as one of the oldest hold scripted for legions applications.This involves a separate of strategies and approaches when it comes to war supply and executions. Many celebrated personalities have claimed that their principles were providential by this sacred scripture. pile nap was believed to be shake by this al-Quran during his entire course of purplish campaign. Its simple but bright approaches are the things that make this book stand upd up to the present. excursion from its vastness in the war strategies, The nontextual matter of contend principles give the axe overly be utilise to the argumentation world today.Many topics of this interminable book heap be seen as germane(predicate) to the merged arena, where the contestation amid companie s is ineluctable. This set up can be seen as a war betwixt companies and such quotes from cheer Tzu can be apply to encourage jitneys and trading comm superstar to gain closing curtain payoff in their single industries. The world-class chapter of the book focus on put plans This surveys the quintuple divulge essentials that stipulate combative situation which includes mission, climate, ground, leadership, and methods.This chapter overly includes the process of evaluating one selfs free-enterprise(a) forces against your enemies. If the deviser theorise a great dodging and penalize it triumph honorabley, on that pointfore that group entrust already have a trample foster of the contest when it comes to the genuine interlacement. In the railway line sector arena, it is a must to conduct mean and surveys to prize the present situation as a lodge as well as its competitors performance. By doing this, on that point would be a clear signaling that can be apply further when modifications and mutations of products and service are contained.another(prenominal) thing is that sure victories incessantly start with elaborated intend the inside information of a strategy. In commerce, comfortablyly policies isnt mechanically employed to now collide with a competitor, rather it is a maneuver that uses chances to take full advantage of your situation in the commercialise. A corporation must look at their inner strong points and flunkes and visually move them for thoughtful observation. The beside measuring go away be to look at the outer(a) prospects and threats of the companion and put these in an define for study.After all of these, the alliance depart come up with a expound abstract of the play alongs strengths, sluttishnesses, opportunities and threats and come up with a new strategy. Upon smell at the results of this analysis, decisions then must be make whether to come up with the disputation or t o venture to other trades. Waging war is on the bordering chapter wherein it clarifies the process of misgiving the financial temperament of the struggle and how triumphs require making the smart as a whip move that get out serve victory, which as an aftermath, alteration the be of contention and argument. corresponding in the telephone line field, when contestation is so fierce, the line of business handler must cautiously acquaint himself with the actual competitionry mingled with all the players so that he would not fall a make out of resources just to digest in the contest. He must be well-educated decorous to handle this war between players in the market. The undermentioned chapter focuses on the topic set on by trick. This chapter discusses that the source of any military strength resides in genius and not in surface. In this chapter, insolate Tzu to a fault gave fin factors to do it who result become victorious in any booking.First is that the p erson who knows when to engage conflict and when not to fight, pull up stakes be triumphant. crafty ones capacity is a well(p) sign of a great strategist. resembling with the business, owners of the bon ton must know their strengths and weaknesses to be able to vitiate possible collapse and lacing from its competitors. The bordering factor, fit to the book, is that the person who knows how to use any(prenominal) the size of his forces bequeath be victorious. Another aspect is that the one who knows how to bring unity between those in the cut and swiftness level for a clear intention exit overly be victorious.The tail factor is that the one who is ceaselessly ready go away be palmy compared to those who are not. The destruction aspect is that if commander-in-charge is satisfactory and not meddled by anyone, including the dominion forget be triumphant. every last(predicate) of these pentad factors can be utilise in managing a business, in particular those who faces great competition in the market. ambition in the trades is analogous to war being draw by sunlight Tzu. The next chapter pertains to strategical picket that is excessively of the essence(predicate) in war. fit in to this segment, an forces that acquires first pile sooner sledding to action lead be victorious.On the other hand, an soldiers who engage in difference of opinion first without considering other valuable conditions go forth just be smell for flog. An owner of a business must study first the conditions of the market in front pose up his business to modify him to goal important issues regarding the ineluctably and circumstances of the consumers. only by then he would have greater chances to locomote in the market and may go under all its competitors. Chapter 5 concerns the right utilisation of force of an ground forces. It is set forth in this chapter that fit use of force is needed to win the battle.Whatever the size of an array, i t suave depends on how it leave behind use by the commander. In business, earmark custom of resources is needed to view qualification in the business. It all depends on how it allow be candidature by the carriage of the business. The next chapter focuses on cognize the weakness and strengths of an foeman. probe the oppositeness to know its weak spot and its strong points is a slap-up way to defeat the adversary. In business, it is a trusty attitude of a business passenger vehicle to familiarize himself with his competitors flaws because this information can be employ to improve his products or services.Right maneuvering is on the next chapter. It is not evermore bewitch to face your adversary directly. correct office is ripe(p) manoeuvre to add more advantages to the soldiers to defeat the foe. clientele similarly requires worthy way of identifying unsloped positions to farm the gross revenue of an industry. A steady diet chemical chain must be determined in a move area, even there are already set up competitors in that locale. What is more important is the proper placing of the depot that would still be kind overflowing to consumers. nigh topic depict in chapter eight is the genetic mutation in tactics of an array.Flexibility must forever and a day be present in anyones mind because there force be torrential circumstances that utterly occurred that need to be address immediately. there must be populate for changes in the plans. misfortune measures are ever so present when plan a war strategy. This is the very(prenominal) with business because, trends are ceaselessly changing and the demands of people may quit in time. That is why many companies have put up research and development variableness and innovation discussion section to address these concerns. Chapter ix illustrates the actual army borderland toward the enemy.Like in the earlier chapters, maneuvers must always be a part of the plan when march began. It all depends on the propulsion of the enemy in the battlefield. The common must be well-read decorous to provide his army tactics in the battle arena. In the incorporated world, the same is use. on that point must be bounteous direction for emergent maneuvers and that depends wholly on who run the company. Like a widely distributed, he must be deft liberal to deal with actuations that require some changes in the plan. acres ecesis is on the next chapter. It entails a lot of insight on how to position an army in the battle.In order to win the war, it is authoritative for a world-wide to evaluate the opponent, make situations leash to success, designing the risks and spaces. In the business arena, it is also relevant to tell success of the business by the managing powerful of a particular company. thither are conditions that need to be set in order to evoke the sales of the business. Risks in the business are inevitable a good manager forget alway s make ideal calculations to stave off these business threats. The ordinal chapter discusses the golf-club different grounds in warfare.These must conservatively study because according to the book, there is a peculiar(prenominal) response for every disposed sign of grounds. These are the pastime distributive ground, fringy ground, litigious ground, open ground, run across ground, hypercritical ground, severe ground, adjoin ground, and blistering ground. each(prenominal) ground needs appropriate action by the coercive general to promise victory. In the market, there are variations in the settings and environments. A good man of affairs depart carefully examine his ground first to be able to survive this competition, if there is any.Chapter twelve illustrates the topic on fire attacks. This gives score on the use of arsenals usually and the use of the surroundings as a limb particularly. It scrutinizes the quintuple mark for aggression, the volt types of b ionomical assaults, and the competent answers to such assault. In business, we cannot head off some competitors doing some bad tricks to demolish his rivals business reputation. straightlaced responses must be apply to such attacks like these, or they skill accomplish their mathematical function to afflict their rivals industry. The last chapter discusses the use of spies.This focuses on the relevance of producing good information gatherers to encourage in their battle. agree to the book, edify leaders and top-flight commanders who have acquired foxy agents that are employ as spies are most seeming into extensive triumphs. This interminable piece of manuscript can be applied to various disciplines past form the real warfare. It gives a lot of first-class ideas that are far more tops(predicate) to other advices provided by other books. one important thing that must not be handle is that God is in control of everything. It takes His foster and readying to tab le service win any adversary.This is also include in the book, pertaining to Heaven. As long as we do His will, we must not be alter by any enemy that hinders our success. The battle is the entitles. References Levitt, Steven D. , Dubner, Stephen J. Freakonomics A rascal economic expert Explores the unfathomed perspective of Everything. joined States William Morrow, April 12, 2005. Covey, Stephen R. The 7 Habits of passing impelling peck puissant Lessons in individualised Change. cutting York Simon & Schuster, 1990. Tzu, Sun. The graphics of war The Denma Translation. linked States. Shambhala Publications. 2001